legal word of the day: MIRANDA RIGHTS

legal word of the day: MIRANDA RIGHTS

ENG:

the specific rights that any suspect of a crime must be informed of before an interrogation

You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be provided for you. Do you understand the rights I have just read to you?

POL:

prawa Mirandy, prawa aresztowanego do zachowania milczenia, do obecności adwokata podczas przesłuchania oraz do adwokata z urzędu

Masz prawo do zachowania milczenia. Wszystko, co od tej pory powiesz, może zostać użyte w sądzie przeciwko tobie. Masz prawo do adwokata i do jego obecności podczas przesłuchania. Jeśli nie stać cię na adwokata, przysługuje ci obrońca z urzędu. Czy rozumiesz swoje prawa, które ci przedstawiłem?"

also called:

MIRANDA WARNING

MIRANDA RULE

ORIGIN:

case: Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

circumstances : During police interrogation Ernesto Miranda, who was accused of robbery, kidnapping, and rape, confessed to the crimes. The police had not informed him of his rights protected by the Fifth and Sixth Amendments: the right to refuse to be a witness against himself (self-incrimination clause) (5th) and the right to an attorney (6th).

events:

1. 1st trial: the confession was entered as evidence and Miranda was convicted of rape and kidnapping.

2. Appeal to the Arizona Supreme Court: the verdict was upheld (found to be correct).

3. Petition for a writ of certiorari submitted: accepted

4. 2nd trial: The U.S. Supreme Court found in favour of Miranda and ruled that criminal suspects must be informed of their right against self-incrimination and their right to consult with an attorney before being questioned by police.

5. Miranda was retried and convicted (based) not on his confession but on testimony given by his estranged wife.

TO CONFESS TO (A CRIME) – przyznać się do (to voluntarily state that one is guilty of a criminal offense)

SELF-INCRIMINATION –  składanie zeznań obciążających samego siebie (being forced or coerced to testify against oneself)

TO BE CONVICTED OF – zostać uznanym winnym (to be found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court)

AN APPEAL – apelacja (asking a higher court to reverse the decision of a trial court after final judgment or other legal ruling)

TO UPHOLD (A VERDICT) – podtrzymać, utrzymać w mocy (to say that something is correct)

A PETITION – wniosek ( a formal request)

A WRIT OF CERTIORARI – żądanie przekazania akt sprawy z sądu niższego do wyższej instancji (celem skontrolowania zasadności rozstrzygnięcia lub celem zapoznania się z materiałem sprawy  (a writ or order by which a higher court reviews a case tried in a lower court.)

TO FIND IN FAVOUR OF – orzekać na korzyść ( to decide that someone wins a case)

TO QUESTION (A SUSPECT) – przesłuchiwać (to interrogate)

TO RETRY – ponownie sądzić (to put somebody on trial again)

TESTIMONY – zeznanie (a form of evidence that is obtained from a witness who makes a solemn statement or declaration of fact)

ESTRANGED – pozostający w separacji (describes a husband or wife who is not now living with the person they are married to)